Fasciola gigantica: Immunization of rabbits with proteins isolated from copropantigen

Two fractions were isolated from coproantigen by ion-exchange chromatography, in which DEAE cellulose was utilized. Both fractions and crude antigen were characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which revealed 13 bands of molecular weight ranged from 205-31 in crude coproantigen. While, fraction I was resolved into 6 bands of molecular weights of 198, 178, 148, 111, 101 and 45. Fraction II showed seven bands of 191 kDa, 178 kDa, 166 kDa, 118 kDa, 98.5 kDa, 72 kDa and 32 kDa. Fraction II showed higher immunoreactivity than fraction I by ELISA. Three immunoreactive bands of 191 kDa, 118 kDa and 98.5 kDa were identified in fraction II using immunoblot assay. Five bands of 178 kDa, 148 kDa, 111 kDa, 101 kDa and 45 kDa were detected in fraction I. Immunization of rabbits twice with fraction II in Freund's adjuvant with two-week interval, followed by challenge with F. gigantica metacercariae resulted in 66.6% protection from infection. The protection was assessed by the detection of hepatic damage, worm recoveries and antibody response. A high level of IgG response in vaccinated rabbits than control infected ones occurred and was found to be responsible for the recorded protection

Field application of bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki [dipel-2x] against soft and hard ticks

Field application of Bacillus thuringiensis [B.t.] var. kurstaki [Dipel-2X] against hard tick, Boophilus annulatus and soft tick, Argas [percicargas] persicus was probed. Hard tick died on infected calves after 6 days post-spraying with Dipel-2X, while soft tick succumbed in its cracks after 6 weeks post treatment. The indirect effect of Dipel-2X on Argas [p.] persicus was also investigated. Egg laying of tick fed on hens injected with 20 and 40 mg Dipel-2X was clearly affected. Molecular structures of hemolymphs collected from ticks got Dipel-2X infected blood meals did not change as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE